Lasting Effects of European Colonization on Native...

Effects of Colonisation on North American Indians Since the Europeans set foot on North American soil in 1620,they have had a devastating effect on the native population. I will be discussing the long term effect of North American colonisation on the Native Americans, focusing on such issues as employment opportunities, the environment, culture and traditions, health, as well as social justice. I will begin with the important issue of employment opportunities. The unemployment rate for Native Americans is a staggering 49%. The following reasons state why the unemployment rate is so high. To start with, Native Americans have been portrayed by the media (such as movies) as primitive and hostile when in fact it is quite the†¦show more content†¦This inability to interact with the surrounding environment forced Native Americans to rely more heavily on western culture. Soon after the Europeans arrived, the natives were aggressively encouraged to follow European beliefs and culture. Native Americans were forced into this new religious belief system and it forever changed their cultural identity. Native Americans frequently used many locations as a sacred place, where they performed many culturally significant rituals. Since European settlement, these locations have been taken over and the indigenous people forcibly relocated or even been destroyed. For example, the Black Hills, a mountain range in Dakota, was once home to tribes of Native Americans. Once gold was discovered there, the tribes were removed, and relocated to a wasteland where it was almost impossible to sustain normal life and many died as a result. In the late nineteenth century, the effort to ‘civilize” native Americans entailed removing children from their families and placing them in boarding schools where they were forced to adopt European culture. They were forbidden to speak their traditional language and were forced to abandon their religious beliefs in favour of Christianity. Although Native American culture has been partially ruined, there are still people that are trying to resurrect that culture by reliving past traditions. An example is a man who has released numerous amounts of buffalo into an Oklahoman reservation.Show MoreRelatedAmerican History Essay938 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Question 1 Prior to the arrival of Europeans, the Iroquois developed a confederation to: control violence that may have occurred over territory conflicts. Question 2 The religious dissatisfaction, that ultimately played a factor in the colonization of the New World by Separatists, began in 1517 when which of the following men publically protested the Catholic Church? Martin Luther Question 3 Refer to the map entitled Indian Groups in the Areas of First Contact (MapRead MoreEssay on Ethnicity and Latin America1140 Words   |  5 PagesEthnicity and Latin America Latin America and the American colonies were â€Å"tamed† based on completely different ideologies. From a Latin American perspective, the most important of the European explorers were of course, the Spanish and the Portuguese. These explorers arrived in Christopher Columbus’ â€Å"new world† with the express goal of bringing glory and prestige to their homeland. In stark contrast, settlers came to the colonies seeking freedom from the religious persecution in Europe. TheRead MoreDifference Between Spanish And English Colonization1012 Words   |  5 PagesCentral and South America. Spain sent conquistadores to assert their dominance in the New World through violent conquest which resulted in difficult relations with native populations. Although the English did not settle in North America until the early 17th century, well past the period of the Spanish conquest, their methods of colonization were more successful in the long term. The English were able to find e conomic success through agricultural and commercial means, allowing them to establish distinctRead MoreSexual Violence on Native Women2214 Words   |  9 PagesStudent Scholarship Spring 2013 Oppression, Sexual Violence and Their Effects on Native American Women Isabella J. Baxter 15 Gettysburg College, baxtis01@gettysburg.edu Follow this and additional works at: http://cupola.gettysburg.edu/student_scholarship Part of the Native American Studies Commons, and the Womens Studies Commons Baxter, Isabella J. 15, Oppression, Sexual Violence and Their Effects on Native American Women (2013). Student Publications. Paper 87. http://cupola.gettysburgRead MoreEffects Of European Exploration On The World1252 Words   |  6 PagesEffects Of European Exploration By the late 1400’s into the 1500’s, European countries began to expand into the rest of the world. This resurgence of trade interest resulted in a demand for foreign goods and exploration of water routes. This Age of Exploration united the Americas with Europe, Asia, and Africa. The exchanges were plentiful and stabilizing for many communities. However, along with the positive influences, came the negative aspects, which impacted cultures and civilizations aroundRead MoreThe Major Differences in the Colonization of North and South America between the French, Spanish and English and Subsequent Civil Rights.2019 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿The Major Differences in the Colonization of North and South America between the French, Spanish and English and Subsequent Civil Rights. The Major Differences in the Colonization of North and South America between the French, Spanish and English and Subsequent Civil Rights. Even in the twenty first century North America, the United States and Canada in particular, is viewed as a bountiful land with rich resources and numerous civil liberties that have inspired differentRead MoreBiological and Cultural Consequences of European Contact with the Native Americans1985 Words   |  8 Pagesconsequences of European contact with the Native Americans had grave consequences surpassing the expectations of both sides. However, while the Europeans were able to overcome most of the initial problems surrounding the contact, the Native Americans endured the effects for much longer which led to the decline of Native American power in North America. Both biological effects such as the impact of diseases, and cultural effects including the formation of new societies and the European influence, hadRead MoreSlavery And Its Impact On The United States Essay1628 Words   |  7 Pagesyears a great change has occurred in the study of slavery and its impact on the settling o f the â€Å"New World.† From a footnote in American history of little consequence until the cotton fields of the antebellum South, it has evolved into a study that now sees the institution as the most significant element in the colonization and exploitation of this hemisphere by Europeans. It also acknowledges the participation of Africans and the Amerindians in this process and furthermore sees it as essential toRead MoreAnalysis Of The Land 1958 Words   |  8 Pagesshapes the land, so when changes in culture occur, then inevitably so do changes in the land. Specifically, Cronon goes into detail about the ecological shift of New England during the 1600’s: the time period of colonization of the land. Cronon argues that the shift from Indian to European dominance in New England entailed important changes ‒ well known to historians ‒ in the ways these peoples organized their lives, but it also involved fundamental reorganizations ‒ less well kno wn to historiansRead MoreSouth American Colonialsim Essay2119 Words   |  9 PagesSouth American Colonialsim South America is a primary example of a setting in which colonialism led to the infusion of two distinct cultures, becoming one through time. The potential of economically valuable areas lead colonizers to become intertwined with the culture of indigenous populations in South America. The Spanish first came to South America in search of gold and later with hopes of taking advantage of the natural resources again through the rubber industry. As the transformational

Criterion-Referenced Tests Tests Which Test Specific Academic Skills

Criterion-referenced tests are designed to find out whether a child has a set of skills, rather than how a child compares to other children of the same age (normed tests.) The test designers analyze the component parts of specific academic skills, such as number understanding, and then write test items that will measure whether the child has all the component parts of the skill.   The tested are normed, in terms of what skill level a child should have.   Still, the tests are designed to measure a childs acquisition of specific skills.   A test of reading skills would seek to discover whether a child can identify the specific sounds consonants make before it would evaluate whether a student can answer comprehension questions. The questions in a criterion-referenced test seek to find if the student has the skills, not whether the student does as well as other third grade children.   In other words, a criterion-referenced test will provide important information that a teacher can use to design specific instructional strategies to help those students succeed.   It will identify skills that the students lack.   A criterion-referenced test for Mathematics should reflect the scope and sequence of state standards (such as the common core state standards.)   It would reflect the skills needed at each age:   for young mathematicians, understanding one to one correspondence, numeracy and at least addition as an operation.  Ã‚   As a child grows, they are expected to gain new skills in a reasonable order that builds on earlier levels of skill acquisition.  Ã‚   State high stakes tests of achievement are criterion-referenced tests that are aligned with the states standards, measuring whether children actually have mastered the skills that are prescribed for the students particular grade level.   Whether these tests are actually reliable or valid may or not be true: unless the test designer has actually compared the success of students (say in reading new texts, or succeeding in college) with their scores for the test, they may not actually be measuring what they claim to measure. The ability to address specific needs that a student presents really helps a special educator maximize the effectiveness of the intervention he or she chooses.   It also avoids reinventing the wheel.   For example, if a child has trouble hearing final consonant sounds in words while guessing at the word using the initial sound, it may merely call for some structured word blending as well as having the student listen for and name the final sounds will help them use their decoding skills more effectively.   You dont actually need to go back to reteaching consonant sounds.   You can identify which consonant blends or digraphs the student doesnt have in his or her skills set.   Examples The Key Math Tests are criterion-referenced achievement tests that provide both diagnostic information and achievement scores in math. Other criterion-referenced tests include the Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT,) and the Woodcock Johnson Test of Individual Achievement.

The Life of Alfred Binet Free Essays

On July 8, 1857, Alfred Binet was born in Nice, France. He took a different tack than most psychologists of his day: he was interested in the workings of the normal mind rather than the pathology of mental illness. He wanted to find a way to measure the ability to think and reason, apart from education in any particular field (PBS, 1998). We will write a custom essay sample on The Life of Alfred Binet or any similar topic only for you Order Now Over time, Binet became one of the most prominent psychologists in French history. After receiving his formal education in Nice and Paris, Binet became a lawyer. However, this profession did not please him. He became fascinated with the work of French neurologist Jean Martin Charcot, who was studying hypnosis. In 1878, he abandoned his law career and devoted himself to medical and scientific studies at the Salpà ªtriere Hospital in Paris, where Charcot was working. In 1884, Alfred married Laure Balbiani. Her father, E.G. Balbiani, was an embryologist at the College de France. Alfred was given the opportunity to work in his lab where his interest changed from comparative psychology to natural science. Research for his doctorate focused on the behavior, physiology, histology and anatomy of insects (Wolfe, 1973). While working in Dr. Balbiani†s lab, Binet wrote Animal Magnetism. Binet†s next area of interest was in the field of child psychology. He developed and tried a wide range of tests and puzzles on his own daughters Madeleine and Alice. It was through this study of his daughters that he began to discover the importance of attention span on the development of adult intelligence. It was at this point that he came to realize that individual differences had to be systematically explored before one could determine laws which would apply to all people (Pollack, 1995). Binet went on to became director of the Laboratory of Physiological Psychology at the Sorbonne in Paris. While at the Sorbonne, he founded the first French journal devoted to psychology, L†Annee Psychologique. Binet used the journal to publish the results of his research studies. The journal is still in circulation. In 1900, Binet and Ferdinand Buisson established, La Societe Libre Pour L†Etude Psychologique de L†Enfant (The Free Society for the Psychological Study of Children), a Paris laboratory for child study and experimental teaching. It was later renamed La Societe Alfred Binet et Thedore Simon. The laboratory†s concerns dealt with practical problems in the school setting. Parisian school authorities asked Binet to develop a method to identify children who were unable to learn at a normal rate. He went on to develop a method that could measure the intelligence of every child as dull, bright, or normal (Newland, 1998). Binet determined that complex problems, especially those involving abstract thinking, were best for separating the bright and dull students. Since problem-solving ability grows rapidly during childhood, Binet decided to make an age scale of intelligence. He chose tasks for each age level that could be performed by most youngsters of that age but that could not be done by the majority of children a year younger. In 1905, Binet and Theodore Simon published a scale of intelligence for children from 3 to 13. Binet hoped his test would be used to improve children†s education, but he also feared it would be used to label children and limit their opportunities (Myers, 1981). Since 1905, several adaptations and revisions of the Binet-Simon scales have been published all around the world. On October 18, 1911, while revising intelligence scales, he died. Despite his great achievements, he was never fully appreciated, especially by the French. His work was diverse, showing interest in the person as a whole. While Binet never provided any firm theories, his work was often the precursor of more detailed and profound research. How to cite The Life of Alfred Binet, Papers